High-throughput alternative splicing detection using dually constrained correspondence analysis (DCCA)

Alternative splicing is an important component of tumorigenesis. Recent advent of exon array technology enables the detection of alternative splicing at a genome-wide scale. The analysis of high-throughput alternative splicing is not yet standard and methodological developments are still needed. We propose a novel statistical approach—Dually Constrained Correspondence Analysis—for the detection of splicing changes in exon array data. Using this methodology, we investigated the genome-wide alteration of alternative splicing in patients with non-small cell lung cancer treated by bevacizumab/erlotinib. Splicing candidates reveal a series of genes related to carcinogenesis (SFTPB), cell adhesion (STAB2, PCDH15, HABP2), tumor aggressiveness (ARNTL2), apoptosis, proliferation and differentiation (PDE4D, FLT3, IL1R2), cell invasion (ETV1), as well as tumor growth (OLFM4, FGF14), tumor necrosis (AFF3) or tumor suppression (TUSC3, CSMD1, RHOBTB2, SERPINB5), with indication of known alternative splicing in a majority of genes. DCCA facilitates the identification of putative biologically relevant alternative splicing events in high-throughput exon array data.     

影响2型糖尿病老年患者并发周围神经病变的logistic分析

目的 探讨2型糖尿病老年患者并发周围神经病变的影响因素。方法 选取2016年2月—2018年7月本院治疗的2型糖尿病老年患者120例作为研究对象,统计并发周围神经病变发生情况,根据有无发生周围神经病变分为DPN组57例和非DPN组63例,并对其影响因素进行调查分析。结果 DPN组患者与非DPN组患者的年龄、糖尿病病程、吸烟史、饮酒史、高血压病史、高血脂病史、BMI指数、FPG、HbA1c、UA水平差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),DPN组患者与非DPN组患者的性别、ALT、AST水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);Logisitic回归分析结果显示,年龄、糖尿病病程、吸烟史、饮酒史、高血压病史、高血脂病史、BMI指数、FPG、HbA1c、UA水平是2型糖尿病老年患者并发周围神经病变的影响因素。结论 年龄、糖尿病病程、吸烟史、饮酒史、高血压病史、高血脂病史、BMI指数、FPG、HbA1c、UA水平是2型糖尿病老年患者并发周围神经病变的影响因素,应积极采取有效措施进行控制糖尿病周围神经病变的发生与发展,提高2型糖尿病老年患者的生活质量。     

Measuring spatio-temporal accessibility to emergency medical services through big GPS data

Medical accessibility is an important indicator for evaluating the effectiveness of public health services. However, the previous medical accessibility studies mainly focus on spatial accessibility without considering temporal variation in population distribution which is significant for evaluating access to emergency medical service (EMS). This paper proposes a model of spatio-temporal accessibility to EMS called ST-E2SFCA based on adapting the enhanced two-step floating catchment area (E2SFCA) method. We apply our method to the greater Tokyo area for a large volume of GPS dataset with millions of users and compare the accessibility difference over space and time. To evaluate our model, we also analyze the distinction of our model over different weight sets and compare the performance of ST-E2SFCA with the traditional E2SFCA. The result shows that our method can illustrate the temporal difference and is suitable for measuring the spatio-temporal accessibility to EMS, thus can guide the hospital location selection and urban planning.     

Knowing the Meaning of a Word by the Linguistic and Perceptual Company It Keeps

Debates on meaning and cognition suggest that an embodied cognition account is exclusive of a symbolic cognition account. Decades of research in the cognitive sciences have, however, shown that these accounts are not at all mutually exclusive. Acknowledging cognition is both symbolic and embodied generates more relevant questions that propel, rather than divide, the cognitive sciences: questions such as how computational symbolic findings map onto experimental embodied findings, and under what conditions cognition is relatively more symbolic or embodied in nature. The current paper revisits the Symbol Interdependency Hypothesis, which argues that language encodes perceptual information and that language users rely on these language statistics in cognitive processes. It argues that the claim that words are abstract, amodal, and arbitrary symbols and therefore must always be grounded to become meaningful is an oversimplification of the language system. Instead, language has evolved such that it maps onto the perceptual system, whereby language users rely on language statistics, which allow for bootstrapping meaning also when grounding is limited.     

网状Meta分析在JAGS软件中的实现

JAGS是为了弥补WinBUGS软件和OpenBUGS软件而研发的一款基于贝叶斯统计的软件。该软件属于编程软件,自身独立拥有软件的一套贝叶斯运算函数及公式。JAGS软件具有操作界面简单,与系统兼容好,运行流畅,且与其他软件具有良好交互性的优点,能够完成各种类型的Meta分析。由于该软件自身缺乏对结果数据读取、解读以及图形绘制等功能,使得其的应用及推广较差;而其与其他软件具有良好交互性的这一特点,使其能够与R软件完美地相结合并充分地弥补该部分功能不足。本文以实例剖析的形式介绍了如何使用JAGS软件实现最复杂和最热门的网状Meta分析。     

利用SPSS软件实现药学实验中正交设计的方差分析

目的:利用SPSS软件实现药学实验中正交设计的方差分析,为药学实验提供更好的数理统计分析。方法:药学实验中经常利用正交设计来完成,再结合数理统计分析选择最佳实验条件。L8(23)、L8(24)、L9(33)、L9(34)四种正交设计是药学实验里边最常用的四种,文章利用现有文献的正交实验实例,用SPSS软件实现药学实验研究中正交设计的方差分析。结果:SPSS可以快速高效的计算出正交设计方差分析结果,灵活地选出最满意的结果。结论:SPSS软件实现正交设计的方差分析,能节省大量的时间,极大地提高工作效率,且结果更为精确。     

特殊疾病医疗保险对糖尿病患者治疗费用的影响及相关因素分析

目的比较重庆市已纳入慢病管理系统2型糖尿病患者中，有、无特殊疾病医疗保险（简称特病医保）者之间的治疗费用情况及可能影响申请该特病医保的因素。方法采用结构化问卷，调查患者的基本信息及与糖尿病有关的药房、门诊、住院治疗费用情况。使用SAS 9.1软件进行数据统计分析，计数资料分析采用 χ ²检验，有统计学差异的变量再纳入多因素逐步logistic回归模型。连续性变量用中位数（四分位数间距）[ M（ Q）]来表示，采用Wilcoxon秩和检验。 结果门诊组有特病医保的患者年人均总费用[2160（3081）元]较无特病医保的患者高[1000（2100）元， P < 0.01]，年次均自费比例（54.04%）低于无特病医保患者的自费比例（93.78%， P < 0.01）。就申请特病医保而言，中等收入水平（ OR=1.94）、高收入水平（ OR=2.11）、参加城镇职工医疗保险（ OR=4.19）、病程超过5年（ OR=2.04）都是其可能的影响因素，具有这些特征的患者相对更容易申请到特病医保。 结论为缓解2型糖尿病患者经济负担，政府应大力宣传特病医保的相关政策，鼓励患者主动了解，积极申报。同时，医保部门与医疗机构应加强监管，简化办理流程，建议增加特殊疾病定点零售药店的数量和覆盖面，提高特病医保利用的可及性。同时，应更加关注低收入人群和病程相对较短的患者，增强他们抵御疾病经济风险的能力，提高特病医保的利用及公平性。     

某医院骨科2019年1859例损伤患者病例统计分析

目的分析骨科损伤患者的病例特点,为提高本地区骨科损伤的防治水平提供依据。方法选取某医院骨科2019年1—12月损伤患者1859例作为研究对象,对患者的性别、年龄分布及损伤原因和部位分布进行回顾性分析。结果本组1859例损伤患者男性974例(52.39%),女性885例(47.61%),年龄4个月~96岁,平均(51.4±22.1)岁,其中男性(44.6±21.2)岁,女性(58.9±20.7)岁。以60岁为分界点,不同年龄的性别分布差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。损伤原因以同一平面跌倒居多(40.45%),其次是交通事故(28.08%),男女性的损伤原因构成比差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。损伤部位:下肢(42.55%)、上肢(33.08%)、躯干部(15.49%)、多处或其他部位(5.86%)、头颈部(3.01%),不同部位损伤的原因构成比差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论同一平面跌倒、交通事故和接触器具或机械是骨科损伤的主要因素。人们应在社会生活的各个方面加强风险防范,医院要完善骨科院前急救体系,建设创伤骨科专业队伍,严格开展损伤患者的随访工作。